NAPES embraces and considers its mission to be an educational extension of the AANA's position on pain management by CRNAs and strives to be a source of premier pain management education. Pain management is considered to be the primary therapeutic management of pain. The performing of diagnostic injections for use by other practitioners, while considered within the scope of CRNA practice, is not considered by NAPES to be therapeutic pain management by a CRNA. CRNAs providing non-surgical and non-obstetrical pain management should possess appropriate diagnostic skills and be able to perform and document a thorough pain assessment including a diagnostic pain impression.